The natural components in pomegranate peel extract significantly reduce blood sugar and blood lipids, improve insulin resistance and fatty liver

A study published in the European Journal of Nutrition by Nanjing University and Zhejiang University explored the regulatory effects of pomegranate peel extract anthocyanins (PPA) on high-fat diet (HFD) - induced obese mice.

Research methods:
The researchers randomly divided the mice into three groups:
LFD group: low-fat diet control group.
HFD group: high-fat diet induced obesity group.
PPA group: High fat diet supplemented with 150 mg/kg pomegranate peel anthocyanin (PPA).
The experiment lasted for 15 weeks, with weekly monitoring of body weight, food intake, and analysis of liver biochemical indicators, gene expression, and gut microbiota composition at the end of the experiment.

Main research conclusions:

1. Weight loss and improvement of lipid metabolism
Compared with the HFD group, the PPA group mice showed significant health improvements:
Weight control: Weight gain decreased by 27.46%.
Liver protection: The liver steatosis score (reflecting the degree of fat accumulation) decreased by 56.25%, and the levels of liver triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly reduced.
Blood lipid regulation: The levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in the serum significantly decreased.

2. Improve insulin resistance and glucose metabolism
The study found through glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) that PPA can effectively improve glucose intolerance caused by high-fat diet. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of PPA group mice decreased by 46.07%, indicating that pomegranate peel extract anthocyanins play an important role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis.

3. The "reshaping" effect of gut microbiota
PPA treatment significantly altered the composition of gut microbiota, and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that these microbiota were closely associated with obesity biomarkers
Reduction of harmful bacteria: such as a significant decrease in Escherichia Shigella associated with inflammation and insulin resistance.
Increased probiotics: significantly increased the proportion of microbial communities such as Akkermansia and Parabacterioids. These beneficial bacterial communities are negatively correlated with serum triglycerides, insulin levels, and liver lipid content.

Mechanism:

This study reveals that pomegranate peel extract anthocyanins exert anti obesity effects through the following mechanisms:
At the genetic level, genes related to lipid synthesis (such as Fads2, Scd1) were down regulated, while genes related to fat breakdown (such as Cpt1b, HL) were up-regulated.
At the intestinal level: By regulating the gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammation related bacteria, promoting beneficial bacterial proliferation, and improving host metabolic disorders.

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